UPCONVERSION NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Nevertheless, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their upconversion nanoparticles ucnps for functional applications

In this study, we present a novel strategy for the synthesis and characterization of single-carbon nanotube nanotubes (SWCNTs) covalently attached with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4|Fe2O3|FeO). The synthesis process involves a two-step approach, first attaching SWCNTs onto a compatible substrate and then incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a co